Congenital Condition Of Congenital Heart Defects - 1188 Words

INTRODUCTION Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) include all structural anomalies of the heart and the intrathoracic great vessels resulting from the errors in morphogenesis, during development. The incidence of CHDs among live births is estimated to be 3.7 to 7.7 per 1000 (Ferencz et al. 1985). CHDs are etiologically heterogenous and it could be due to genetic (single gene defects, chromosomal abnormality) and or environmental (multifactorial, teratogens) or unknown factors (Michels and Ricardi 1990). From literature, it is seen, that 6 percent of CHDs are due to chromosomal abnormality (Greenwood et al. 1975). Conversely, the reported incidence of CHDs among individuals with chromosomal abnormality is around 30 percent. Objectives: In this paper, it is aimed to find out the occurrence of the chromosomal abnormality and its association to CHDs in consecutively referred patients to Division of Human Genetics, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 65 patients with CHDs were referred for karyotyping and counseling, during a period of 5 years. There were 33 male and 32 female patients and their age ranged from neonate to 16 years. Patients’ details were recorded in a proforma. Chromosomal preparations were done from the modified leucocyte microculture method (Arakaki and Sparkes 1963) followed by Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa banding technique (Seabright 1971), automated photography and karyotyping.Show MoreRelatedCongenital Condition Of Congenital Heart Defects1423 Words   |  6 PagesCongenital heart defects are problems intrinsic to the heart that present at birth. They develop during fetal growth in utero mainly due to genetic malformations, environmental factors, and multifactorial reasons. The environment within which the fetus develops (the uterus) is a very crucial contribution to normal fetal growth and development. It is common to find disruptions within this microenvironment; the consequent effect being the disruption of normal growth and organ developments. The timingRead MoreCongenital Condition Of Congenital Heart Defects914 Words   |  4 PagesA congenital heart defect is an issue with the actual anatomy of the heart. This issue is normally pres ented at the time of birth. Congenital heart defects are some of the most common type of birth defect. Eight out of one thousand newborns are diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Congenital defects can often affect any anatomical part of the heart. It can affect the valves, walls, arteries and veins near the heart. Congenital defects can affect the flow of blood through the heart, they canRead MorePsychological Adjustments for Hirschsprung’s Disease 984 Words   |  4 Pagesis a congenital abnormality characterized by the absence of autonomic parasympathetic ganglion cells in the colon preventing peristalsis and resulting in intestinal obstruction and abdominal distension. Also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon, this medical malady is an unfortunate anomaly of a very vulnerable population – infants and children. Hirschsprung disease can occur in otherwise healthy babies, but is commonly diagnosed in combination with Down’s syndrome and congenital h eart defectsRead MoreCongenital Heart Disease ( Chd )912 Words   |  4 Pages Congenital Heart disease (CHD) Congenital heart disease is also known as â€Å"Congenital heart defect† or congenital cardiovascular malformations. The word â€Å"congenital† means existing at birth. Congenital heart defects change the normal flow of blood to the heart. CHD is the most common type of birth defect, this disease affects 8 out of every 1,000 newborns. More than 35,000 babies each year in the United States are born with a congenital heart defect. If you have a congenital heart defect it meansRead MoreTheoretical And Ethical Basis Of Practice1890 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Congenital Heart Defects (CCHD). The objectives of this paper are to relate the metaparadigm of nursing to the POI, select and discuss a grand nursing theory and a middle-range theory that can be applied to the POI, examine the POI as it relates to the complexity science framework, and to distinguish ethical principles that apply to the POI. Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects Critical Congenital Heart Defect (CCHD) is a subgroup of congenital heart defects that normallyRead MoreThe Death Of Cameroon : A Heart Defect That Affect The Normal Flow Of Blood Through The Heart1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe event which changed Cabrel’s life was his having heart surgery and coming to States, but before we get there. He was born in central Africa in the country of Cameroon with a congenital heart defect know as Tetralogy of Fallot. Tetralogy of Fallot is a heart defect which changes the normal flow of blood through the heart. This is a rare and complex heart defect which occurs in 5 out of every 10,000 babies. This condition caused his family a great deal of hardship, to the point where his motherRead MoreHeart Abnormalities: Critical Congenital Heart Defects839 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Congenital Heart Defects are abnormalities of the heart structure that are present at birth. These occur because of incomplete or abnormal development of the fetusâ €™ heart. These defects can cause severe mortality within the newborn stage (Goldstein, 2013, p.1). Several are known to be linked to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and others are thought to be linked to environmental factors that women can be exposed to while pregnant. The cause of most CCHD’s is unknown. SymptomsRead MoreDown s Syndrome : A Common Chromosomal Disorder2838 Words   |  12 Pagessociety, the healthcare costs may be problematic, as well as the issue of abortion. An illness or a disease is not only a biological physical ailment. There are many social components that go along with having a physical or mental illness. Various conditions can affect a person mentally, physically, or both, and can range from mild to severe. The many factors to consider in the life of a person with a disability includes, but is not limited to, financial support, healthcare costs, family involvementRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Eisenmenger Syndrome1289 Words   |  6 Pages Eisenmenger Syndrome is a congenital heart defect that is associated with long-term elevated blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature, which tends to cause pulmonary hypertension and increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (D Alto, 2014). Moreover, this is a heart defect that causes a hole to develop between two chambers of the heart (D’Alto, 2014). The hole causes blood to circulate abnormally in the heart and lungs. Increased blood flow returns to your lungs instead of going to the restRead MoreCardiovascular Medicine Is One Of The Fastest Growing Area Of Study1157 Words   |  5 Pagestowards understanding how the cardiovascular system functions. Along with the advancements comes a greater understanding of the diseases, disorders and defects that plague the cardiovascular system. One of the disorders that cripples the cardiovascular system is Tetralogy of Fallot. This debilitating congenital heart defect reeks havock on the heart and other organs that comprise the cardiovascular system by disrupting the correct blood flow patterns, thus affecting the whole body. Having a diagnosis

Logistics Management and Supply Chain - 1566 Words

Minor Logistics Operations Presentatie titel MIRBSLM114OP N.J. Osentoski-Monsma A. Nielsen-de Vries Lecturers Logistics Room D2.173 osenj@hr.nl / vriad@hr.nl Rotterdam, 00 januari 2007 6-1 Corporate strategy Business strategy Operations Strategy Mission Objectives (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery) Functional strategies in marketing, finance, engineering, human resources, and information systems Strategic Decisions (process, quality system, capacity, and inventory) Distinctive Competence Consistent pattern of decisions Operations Strategy Process (Figure 2.1) 2-2 Course organization Logistics Semester 1 Block 1 Year 1 Block 2 Projects Junior Enterprise†¦show more content†¦Definitions of Operations Management and Supply Chains Decisions at Pizza U.S.A. Operations Decisions - A Framework with Contingencies Cross-Functional Decision Making Operations as a Process Contemporary Operations Themes 1-25 Chapter 2 Outline ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § McDonald’s Operations Strategy Operations Strategy Model Emphasis on Operations Objectives Linking Strategies: Strategic Decisions Competitive Advantage Through Operations Global Scope of Operations and Supply Chains Supply Chain Strategy Environmental and Sustainable Operations 2-27 Operations Strategy â€Å"A consistent pattern of business decisions for operations and the associated supply chain †¦ †¦ that are linked to the business strategy and other functional strategies, leading to a competitive advantage for the firm.† 2-28 McDonald’s Operations Strategy †¢ Mission: fast product/service, consistent quality, low cost, clean/friendly environment †¢ Operations Objectives: cost, quality, service †¢ StrategicShow MoreRelatedLogistics And Supply Chain Management1033 Words   |  5 PagesLogistics and supply chain management is an important aspect of a firm’s strategy for the business to achieve success by creating value throughout the logistics and supply chain. The research paper will outline the concepts that are involved in creating the logistics and supply management framework. The logistics and supply chain management strategies will drive success for the company towards fulfilling and supporting customer needs, procurement and manufacturing operations of the firm. This researchRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management2341 Words   |  10 Pageshighly competitive situation in order to survive; Supply Chain Management (SCM) becoming the main topic for improving efficiency and satisfy customer’s need. The supply chain of a company consists of different departments, ranging from procurement of materials to customer service. Supply chain management means transforming a company’s â€Å"supply chain† into an optimally efficient, customer-satisfying process, where the effectively of the whole supply chain is more important than the effectiveness of eachRead MoreSupply Chain And Logistics Management1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction What is supply chain and logistics? Supply chain management involves various activities from acquisition of raw material to distribution of final goods while logistics involves only transportation of goods. Supply chain plays integral role in business process without effective supply chain management an organization cannot meet its demands on time. So it plays crucial role in business activities. Following activities are involved in supply chain management 1. Procurement 2. ProductionRead MoreLogistics And Supply Chain Management1379 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and the consulting firms that service them, they are scrambling to hire people with Supply Chain expertise, but these experts are hard to come by. Supply Chain Management has moved from a necessary evil to a core competency at companies across industries. I am applying for admission to the Master of Logistics and Supply Chain Management because I want a career in the Supply Chain Management. In particular, I am interested in factors that affect the competitive performance of a businessRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Logistics Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesSupply Chain management and logistics are an extremely important functions of an organization. In this research paper, we will be discussing an aspect of supply chain and logistics that I am interested in, how both are related and different, key activities in supply chain and logistics, and the ethics and social responsibility in both supply chain and logistics management. Logistics is a vital component of supply chain management. Both involve the planning, carrying out and management of goodsRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1168 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Do the terms, ‘logistics management’ and ‘supply chain management’ have the same meaning in operations and why logistics management might be of strategic importance to a manufacturing or service organisation. During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies haveRead MoreLogistics Management And Supply Chain Management1125 Words   |  5 Pages Aero Marine Logistics Tomer Dicturel California InterContinental University Aero Marine Logistics Introduction During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies have taken actual benefits in logistics, such as reducing costs, enhancing customers satisfactionRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1186 Words   |  5 PagesWhat logistics management? b. State the six rights in an effective logistics management system. Logistics is defined as process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose conforming to customer requirement, which also includes the inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements and return of materials for environmental purposes. Logistics Management is theRead MoreLogistic and Supply Chain Management3353 Words   |  14 PagesRMIT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY VIETNAM Introduction to Logistic and Supply Chain Management Individual Case Study NAME: Tran Thi Kim Mai ID Number: s3231137 LECTURE: JAMIE CALBETO-Group 10 Bachelor of Commerce Program ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed Subject Code: OMGT2085 Subject Name: Introduction to Logistics Supply Chain Management Location where you study: RMIT Vietnam – SGS Title of Assignment: Read MoreLogistics Management And Supply Chain Management1171 Words   |  5 PagesLogistics and Supply Chain Management Topic: Do the terms, ‘logistics management’ and ‘supply chain management’ have the same meaning in operations and why logistics management might be of strategic importance to a manufacturing or service organisation. During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result

Residential Status of John Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Residential Status of John. Answer: Issue: The present issue ascertains the residential status of John for the financial year of 2016. The case study revolves around the issue whether or not John has the intention of staying in Australia for the financial year of 2017. Rule: Domicile Test: The Australian taxation office defines under the Domicile test that an individual will be regarded as the Australian resident if he or she has the permanent place of abode in Australia. An exception to this rule is that unless it is noticed that an individual have their normal place of abode is out of Australia and does not have any intention of taking up the residency in Australia. Citing the reference of Henderson v Henderson (1965) an individual retains the domicile of their origin unless the person acquires another domicile of their own choice[1]. 183 days Test: The Australian taxation office under the 183 days test defines that if an individual is physically present in Australia for no less than six months of one half of the income year either continuously or in breaks will be regarded as the Australian resident[2]. However, if the commissioner established that the person does not intends to take up the residence in Australia and has their place of residence out of Australia. The taxation ruling of TR 98/17 is associated with the determination of residency status of persons that are entering Australia. The ruling is applicable to most the person that enter Australia as migrant, academics teachers, students staying in Australia or visitors on holiday. Section 995-1 of the Act 1936, defines Australian resident as the person who is the resident of Australian. There are events after the year of income may help in ascertaining the residential status of the person[3]. The ordinary concept of the term reside is broad enough to encompass a person that arrives in Australia permanently as the migrant and a person who is residing here for a considerable period of time. The quality and the character of the persons behaviour in Australia helps in ascertaining whether the person has resided in Australia. The judgement of commissioner in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Miller (1946) stated that the nature of an individuals behaviour in Australia reflects the way through which an individual arranges the domestic and economic affairs as the element of regular order of life. Where there is a regularity of an individuals behaviour before coming to Australia is similar to that of living in Australia will be regarded as the Australian resident even though their existence reflects a routine of commencing their living in Australia. The commissioner in Levene v Inland Revenue Commission (1928) stated that the intention and purpose for being in Australia assist in ascertaining whether the person is living in Australia[4]. A recognized objective such as employment and education may support the objective of living in Australia. In determining the societal and living preparations made by the individual entering in Australia is stated in Inland Revenue Commission v Lysaght (1928). The arrangements reflect the intention or the purpose of existence such as committing to residential lease. The commissioner views of the law that the period of physical presence for a six months represents a considerable time period in ascertaining whether the person behaviour is consistent with residing in Australia. Application: The situations from the case study provides that John arrives Australia on 3rd April holding a visa to study Mechanical Engineering in Sydney University. In respect of Domicile Act 1982 John could be considered as the Australian resident as he has the permanent place of abode outside Australia in UK and holds a UK passport. Citing the reference of Henderson v Henderson (1965) John has retained the domicile of their origin and therefore under Domicile Test cannot be considered as Australian resident[5]. As evident John entered Australia on 3rd April and with respect to 183 days test John has been physically present and residing in Australia constantly or with breaks more than one half of the income year. Because of this John under the 183 days test will be considered as the Australian resident since he has successfully met the criteria. Beside the above test the Taxation ruling of TR 98/17 is also applied to determine the residential status of John. With respect to subsection, 6-1 of the ITAA 1937 John has shifted to Australia with the student visa however; the intention and nature of behaviour signified a manner where John has settled his domestic and economic activities[6]. With reference to Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Miller (1946) an assertion can be bought forward by stating that John will be considered as the resident of Australia since John has expressed the intention of residing in Australia when he undertook a rented apartment and entered into a lease agreement of six months. Following the commencement of semester John landed in a part time job which further reflected the behaviour that are consistent with residing in Australia over the considerable time period. Referring to the case of Inland Revenue Commission v Levene (1928) the period of physical presence demonstrates John behaviour has the necessary continuity, routine or habit that supported the intention of living in Australia[7]. Supporting the evidences from the preceding paragraph a reference to Lysaght v Inland Revenue of Commission (1928) is made where the societal and living preparation undertaken by John concluded his residential status as Australian[8]. The taxation ruling of 98/17 states that no single factor can be necessarily considered decisive since they are interrelated. John arrived in Australia on 3rd April and expressed the interest of living in Australia for the later part of the year. Similarly for the financial year of 2017, as long as John demonstrate the character of living here over the entire period he would be regarded as the Australia resident. Conclusion: To conclude with the discussion from the preceding paragraph an assertion can be stated that John has met the criteria of 183 days Test specified by the ATO and has met the criteria of Taxation ruling to TR 98/17. Hence, John is an Australian resident for both FY of 2016 and 2017. References: Bell v. Kennedy [1868] Buswell v. I.R.C (1974) FC of T v. Applegate 79 ATC 4307 FC of T v. Pechey 75 ATC 4083; (1975) Gregory v. DFC of T (1937) 57 CLR 774 Miesegaes v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1957) 37 TC 493 Reid v. The Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1926) 10 TC 673 Udny v. Udny [1869]

The Magnificence Of Ramses II Essays - Ramesses II,

The Magnificence of Ramses II The Magnificence of Ramses II The history of Ancient Egypt consisted of a number of very powerful rulers known as pharahs. These pharaohs were regarded as gods by the Egyptian people. Every aspect of daily Egyptian life including the weather, and the success of the crops, was supposedly controlled by the pharaohs' attitude. Many Egyptians would devote their entire lives to the construction of the tomb for their pharaoh. Egyptians believed that by helping the pharaoh, they were securing their own place in the afterlife. All of the information that is known about each pharaoh was obtained from what is depicted on the walls of the various structures and tombs. The reign of Ramses II was one of the longest and most prolific reigns in Egyptian history. Trends set by him in architecture and relations with religious leaders paved the way for future pharaohs. Ramses II was the third king of the nineteenth dynasty and the son of Seti I. Seti took great care in the education of Ramses. He educated him both as a sportsman, and a warrior, but also included lessons in history, politics, and religious practices. Seti made sure Ramses was constantly surrounded by beautiful ladies in waiting, and possibly had a wife chosen for him very early in life. Ramses eventually had five or six wives, the foremost being Neferatri, and possibly over one hundred children (Montet 164). Ramses reigned for sixty-seven years and outlived twelve of his sons. He died at the age of ninety, and his thirteenth son, Merenptah, who was in his sixties, became a pharaoh (Time-Life). Immediately following the death of Seti I, Ramses began a massive restoration project on his father's building projects which had been abandoned. The first of these projects was the expansion of Seti's summer palace and ancestral home, at Avaris in the Nile Delta, into an entirely new capital city (Time-Life 51). Pi-Ramses, as it was later called, included a precinct which encompassed six square miles (half the size of the city), and contained a battle staging area complete with workshops, drilling fields, and stables for chariots. All of this to promote the army of Ramses. The location of Pi-Ramses was an attempt to move the center of Egyptian power closer to the center of commerce in the Eastern Mediterranean (Time-Life 32). The reign of Ramses II consisted of numerous building projects, including the temple at Abu Simbel, Hypostyle Hall, the Ramesseum, and the temple at Luxor. All of these projects displayed in their enormous size, the power of Ramses. Abu Simbel is located about 762 miles south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile River. It consists of two temples commissioned about 1250 B.C. which were built into the sandstone cliffs over looking the water. The smaller of the two temples was dedicated to the god Hathor, and Ramses' deified queen, Nefertari. The larger templemostly contained statues of Re-Harakhti, god of the rising son, but it also contained statues of Ptah, Amon-Re, and King Ramses II himself (Peck). Ramses finished Hypostyle Hall, which was begun by Seti, and is the largest of its kind in the world. It encompasses 54,000 square feet, and includes 134 columns with a roof eighty feet high. The interior walls of Hypostyle Hall tell of Ramses' divine coronation and other sacred scenes which partially covered the reliefs of his father. The outside walls depict Ramses' military campaigns in Canaan and Syria, including the famous battle of Kadesh, and a copy of the peace treaty which was signed with the Hittites (Time-Life 51). Both the Ramesseum, and the Temple at Luxor, display enormous statues of Ramses himself. The Ramesseum, a mortuary temple, contains a sixty-six foot tall seated statue of the pharaoh. This statue weighs one thousand tons, making it the largest known statue ever carved from a single piece of granite (Time-Life 54).

International Human Resource Management Essays - Business

International Human Resource Management Essays - Business EXECUTIVE SUMMARY International Human Resource Management (IHRM) is a method of selection,acllotication and utilizing of human Resourses in an international context. This report focuses on IHRM practices and the issues MURDOCH University faces in its IHRM strategies. The management of Global workforce policies and practices. Recruitment and Selection, training and perfomance management and renumeration process of Murdoch. MURDOCH University is regarded as a leading Australian and Global university. For it to be sucessful, the university focuses on attacting, retaining, and patronizing the eductaional staff that are dedicated to bring quality students some experiences and best learning output. The university introduced recognizing, and rewarding current staff for exceptional assistance in learning, training and research. It also follows a major IHRM strategy for managing its Global staff members. INTRODUCTION Human Resource Management (HRM) is the process of hiring, managing, and providing direction of the candidates that work in an organisation. HRM is vital in an organisation activity that focuses on factors in relation to the staff such as Hiring, compesatition, organisation development, perfomance management, wellness, safety, benefits, compesation, company development, staff motivation, comapny development , training, administaration, and communication. HRM is also called a comprehensive and strategic approach to mange and work force and enviroment of the workplace.It enalbles the staff to perform efficiently and effectivily to expand production and achieve the companies goal. the most important parts of HRM is IHRM which involves selction, allocating, and utilizing human resources in an international percespective. It includes activities that allows the organizations to manage staff at global level to achive objectives and performing HRM activities internationally. The process of IHRM can be simplifies if MNC(Multinational Corporations) traded thier products in few countries and few offices in foreign countries. Current Business operations push orgainisations to spread their activities globally to as many countries as possible thus IHRM is needed for that. An organisation has to build intergration among HR policies and practices to its subsidiary firms in various countries so to achive it so objectives and aims. Also to incorporate significant levels of flexibility on IHRM Strategy as employees from diffrent counries are supported by various cultures and social values and language. Flexibility has and abundance influence on perfomance on employees(Richman et al. May 2008). Forces of international and demand of the organisation to develop and implement a valid strong international strategy, IHRM is becoming a pre-requiste to the sucess of the organisation. IHRM management face difficulties to decide whether a company should start its HR policies and pratices on the local context( Lloyd & Hartel, 2004) Effective HRM system is important to focus on aliegnment with perfomance management systems of the companies. Example include the criteria used for perfomance management is to be implemeneted for staffing, hiring, and training. This shows a strong message of what is expected by the company from its staff (Pulakos, 2004) The survivalof the organisation on this high competive market, it is complusory to develop a cabable and effctive workforce. It is hard to find qalified international candidates, so it is imperative that companies achive their goals for staff development and control and co-ordination of employees, so to transfer knowledge by taking effective staff policies which inlude Ethnocentric Practices and Policies. Policies may be based on the view that the first choices for international or parent country positions are the parent country nationals. The 2nd choice can be based on Geocentric Policy that makes sure that qualified staff for the position is selected regardless of their country of origin. Emphasizing on the movement to overseas locations from parent company location is considered to be an important strategy for staffing and workforce development in a international position. Organisations that follow a Geocentric Staffing Policy focusses on recruiting candidates irrespective of nationality many include 3rd country nationals rather than subsidiary and the organisations parent country( Reiche & Harzing, December 2009) FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SETTING UP BUSINESS OPERATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES INTERNATIOAL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Various types of training is needed such as orientation, language intruction, cultural training for staff of MNCs. Experiates face difficulties in social and cultural barries in host countries. E.G in Japan eben with suffiecient medical care, foreign workers and thier families are worried about Japanese doctors may reveal little to patients medical assistance. CULTURE SHOCK This

THE RESPONSIBILITY PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THE RESPONSIBILITY PROJECT - Research Paper Example Geyston Bakery is a bakery that contributes to the community through profits (Liberty Mutual 2012). A popular item sold is the brownie which is used in the social enterprise help a social and profit mission (Liberty Mutual, 2010). One problem facing the bakery is the open hiring. The bakery uses an open hiring to hire individuals in the community. Any one that applies, no matter an individual’s past history, will receive an open position in the bakery. People are only turned away if the bakery is already fully staffed. Open hiring can impact the community in a positive way. All individuals in the community can get job experience, learn a marketable trade, and receive a paycheck that goes back into the community. Lower employment rates can result from this practice. The community can prosper as members of the community get back on their feet through a job. Another issue is the funded community development. Profits from the bakery are given to the Graceland Foundation (Liberty Mutual, 2010). In turn, the Graceland Foundation helps out community programs. A few of these programs are housing, healthcare, and childcare in the community. (Liberty Mutual, 2010). The programs that Graceland Foundation provides help the local community, not some far away community. The bakery gets support, but receives more business due to the programs supported. Childcare helps both parents be employable. Housing programs can provide shelter for families. Healthcare will allow for preventative measures that will save the community in medical bills for issues that can be corrected. Greyston Bakery is helping their community be a better place and setting an example for other businesses to help their communities. The actions of open hiring and supporting community programs are relevant in the way organizational and personal decisions are made in the bakery. These goals are the

Women should be advised not to consume any alcohol during their Essay

Women should be advised not to consume any alcohol during their pregnancy Discuss this statement, including relevant research evidence - Essay Example a substance which interferes with the normal development of the embryo or foetus) that readily crosses the placenta† (p.1). There is enough research evidence now to confirm that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can have many different effects physically, neurologically and mentally. The severity of these effects varies widely. According to The American Pregnancy Association these effects are categorized as ‘Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders’ (FASD). The incidence of FASD in children indicates the seriousness of the issue. Statistics presented by the British Medical Association show that 0.21 per 1000 live births in 2004 in England and Scotland, between 0.5 and 2 per 1,000 live births in the US; 4.7 per 1,000 live births in Australian aboriginal populations; 68.0- 89.2 per 1,000 children in part of South Africa and 10 in every 1,000 live births in Canada (p.2-3). The effects of alcohol on the foetus have been adequately documented. The US Surgeon sums it up in their news release when they state â€Å"Based on the current, best science available we now know the following: Alcohol consumed during pregnancy increases the risk of alcohol related birth defects, including growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, central nervous system impairment, behavioural disorders, and impaired intellectual development†. More specific effects include disrupting cellular activity which alters the transport and utilization of glucose and th is can cause premature cell death. Normal development is therefore interfered with. This is what causes the abnormalities in the physical structure of the foetus and in the central nervous system. For the mother there are also dangerous effects such as risk of miscarriage, infertility, menstrual disorder, pre-term deliveries or even still-births. The National Institutes of Health (2007) attribute the following to prenatal alcohol