Philosophy and Government Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy and Government Exercise - Essay Example They turned the study of philosophy which was the study of heavens to the study of human things. According to Socrates, human nature was the question of how best a person should live while Aristotle argued that using one’s reasoning is the best way to live. He emphasized that the best life suited to human nature involved reasoning. Humans interact in quite a number of ways as evident in different scenarios these includes, culture where by they live in large social groups. They usually interact for exchange of ideas, self expression and in organizations made up of huge cooperation’s and competing farms. Development of technology also changes the way humans relate in the sense that, in the past, we visited post offices to post birthday cards, Christmas and New Year letters to our beloved. Now that has changed to another simpler level where we just need to send an e-mail while still at home and that is all. In addition to that, we can meet our friends on their twitter and face book and get in touch instead of making arrangements on how to check on them which consumes most of out time and resources. Taking all these into account, we can brutally say that development of advanced technology has a positive effect on humans. Politics, government, language in use, Human beings should live harmoniously. They should have social, cultural, economic and political affiliations that unify them. The economic activities should allow them to get resources that they require and give out resources that they have in plenty. The social and cultural relations amongst human being should allow people to appreciate the differences in all groups of people. There should be exchange of culture through intermarriages, initiation and other rites of passage. The political interaction involves having a government that provides equality amongst all human beings. The powers vested in the government

Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Statement Essay My academic background, which has been both varied and informed by different academic settings, has seen my succeeding as a student in South Korea, Guam, and Seattle. Because of the nature of my father’s job, I have had the rare opportunity to study and to learn in a variety of different educational settings with a variety of different intellectual approaches and cultural influences. My family and I arrived in Seattle from Guam in 2003; the family’s collective goal was to relocate in order to find better educational opportunities for my younger brother and myself. Though I had taken piano lessons for many years, I decided to pursue piano as a hobby while I devoted more attention to working part-time in order to finance my studies. As a student in Seattle, I soon learned that music and psychology were my passions and my music professor truly seemed to respect my musical ability and constantly encouraged me to pursue my musical interests. Taking my professor’s advice, two years ago on Christmas Eve, a Korean woman’s association had a party to raise money for a charity organization. Needing some form of entertainment, they invited me to perform a piece of music on stage during dinnertime. I played Schubert’s impromptu op 90. Eb major. I was nervous but on the other hand I felt delighted and hoped it wouldn’t be the last performing in public and for a worthy charitable cause. Music, in sum, allows me to blend my personal passions with my academic talents in a manner that can be used to benefit society. In terms of my career goals, and my specific interest in the University of Washington, the fact is that Id like to transfer to this university because I want to learn from experts with more experience and to share my interests with peers with similar goals and aspirations. My greatest dream, is to comfort peoples’ hearts as a Music Therapist. I genuinely enjoy sharing what I have learned with everyone and I am most delighted when I sing with people while playing piano. I enjoy getting to know peoples’ minds and emotions because I have empathy and this influences my musical styles and performances. Personally, for example, I have played synthesizer in church bands throughout Korea, Guam and Seattle, and gave my time to serve as a music tutor to many students. If I’m admitted into this school, Id like to be attend in schools choir and jazz club. Sharing, both personally and academically, is the greatest way to learn and the greatest way to give back to the community/ Culture, in my view, is a manifestation of diversity. That excellence cannot be attained without diversity it seems, in the modern world, to be a rather intuitive deduction. Such a deduction is perfectly consistent with the underlying nature of any intellectually honest type of inquiry. A thesis must be formulated, tested against all of the available data, and conclusions drawn. Diversity contributes, indeed it is a necessary ingredient, for any type of rigorous analysis. Social truths cannot exist in a vacuum; truths must be tested in the real world and with real people rather than with imaginary prototypes that do not reflect the true diversity of opinion and contrary world views that reflect both our own society and the world at large. What might seem a perfectly plausible theory to one individual might seem extraordinarily unjust to another individual; a traditional approach that seems to one individual to bring the greatest good to society to another individual might threaten to socially ostracize minority opinions; and, finally, ethnocentric views inhibit academic inquiry whereas culturally diverse pools of learners break down biases and contribute to more meaningful discussions and theoretical paradigms. In the final analysis, the University of Washington is an ideal setting in which to study and shares ideas that have profound social implications As a young person already immersed in an increasingly multicultural community and world, I am especially interested in the emphasis given to multicultural approaches at the University of Washington. Such an approach, respecting and encouraging both personal development and academic development through the embrace of different cultural values and perspectives, lends itself exceptionally well to my own goals and aspirations. One of the causes of so much conflict in the world today can be attributed to a lack of effective communication that results in unnecessary misunderstandings and confusion. In reality, in my experience, people around the world have so many positive characteristics and dreams in common. People throughout the world desire peaceful environments in which to live; people desire to pursue harmonious relationships with family members and neighbors; and, most of all, people desire to avoid conflicts that are damaging in so many ways.

The Great Gatsby- Do s really love cars and money? :: essays research papers fc

The Great Gatsby- Do s really love cars and money?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby attempts to be obtain his American dream with conspicuous consumption. Fitzgerald uses symbols of conspicuous consumption in money, cars and houses to show that the American dream of wealth and possessions doesn’t necessarily ensure happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The concept of conspicuous consumption is greatly exemplified in The Great Gatsby, by all of the characters being in possession of excessive amounts of property and money. Money is the get-all give-all in Gatsby’s version of the American dream. If one can obtain lots of money to impress the women, then he must have it made; Realists disagree with this mindset. ‘â€Å"[Gatsby] wants her to see his house,† she explained. â€Å"And your [Nick’s] house is right next door (84).†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Gatsby wants to display his wealth to Daisy, so she will be impressed with him. The different eggs represent the standings of people’s money. Gatsby in on the West, which is the people who don't have any real standing, even when they have lots of money. The West Egg represents the new money, or the money that was earned, not inherited. Daisy, the woman that Gatsby has always wanted, lives on East Egg. This is Gatsby displaying conspicuous consump tion towards Daisy. Not only Gatsby displays this trait, however. Referring to Mr. Wolfshiem’s cufflinks, which were â€Å"composed of oddly familiar pieces of ivory. ‘Finest specimens of human molars,’ he informed me (77).† This is a display of someone who has bought cufflinks merely for the reason of buying, using the excess money he has. This conspicuous consumption get a man nowhere but in awe of equally lost people. People who are stuck in spending money also display their level of social status with their car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The automobile has always been a kind of status symbol in the United States. Expensive cars are associated with the possession of great wealth. Gatsby's car is described as the ‘epitome of wealth.’ Gatsby bought his car in order to convey his material success. This is the vehicle that kills Myrtle and indirectly leads to Gatsby's own . The automobile is stressed again and again throughout the story and is used in the end to prove that a dream based on materialism alone will in the end be destructive. Gatsby saw â€Å"...me [Nick] looking with admiration at his car. ‘It’s pretty, isn’t it, old sport?’ He jumped off to give me a better view.

Kanye West :: essays research papers

Singer/Songwriter for this Era He may just seem like another rapper to you but if you actually listen to his lyrics you can see he’s not like any rapper out there. His name is Kanye West and he was born in Chicago Illinois. He grew up in the â€Å"ghetto† and learned to appreciate life. He didn’t learn to really, truly appreciate life until October of 2002. Driving back to his hotel late one night after a recording session, the new-coming rap/hip-hop artist was involved in a devastating, near fatal car accident. The crash left him with a broken jaw in three places and an appreciation for life. Just weeks after being released from the hospital he recorded his first major hit, â€Å"Through the Wire,† with his mouth still wired shut. He records every song like its going to be his last song and that makes every song better than the last. He’s not only a rap artist but also a producer. He has been responsible for being behind songs like Jay-Z’s Izzo, Girls, Girls, Girls, The T akeover, and 03 Bonnie and Clyde. â€Å"Through the Wire† was his first hit and it hit hard. With lyrics like: I must got a angel/ Cuz look like death missed his ass/ Unbreakable/ What you thought they call me Mr. Glass/ I look back on my life like the ghost of Christmas past/ Toys R Us where I used to spend that Christmas cash/ And I still won't grow up/ I'm a grown ass kid/ So I should be like other stupid s**t that I did/ But I'm a champion/ So I turned tragedy to triumph/ Make music that's fire/ Spit my soul through the wires. Read the lyrics and you’ll see why its so universal. If you listen to the â€Å"beats† and the rhythm you’ll really understand. One of his most controversial songs came later in his career, it was titled â€Å"Jesus Walks,† many people didn’t want this song to be played but radios did it any way and so did MTV. There is one verse of the song that makes you appreciate his work: To the hustlers, killers, murderers, drug dealers, even us crippers.../(Jesus walks with them!)/To the victims of welfare feel we living in hell here, hell yea.../(Jesus walks with them!)/Now hear ye hear ye wanna see thee more clearly/I know He hear me when my feet get weary/Cause we're the almost nearly Kanye West :: essays research papers Singer/Songwriter for this Era He may just seem like another rapper to you but if you actually listen to his lyrics you can see he’s not like any rapper out there. His name is Kanye West and he was born in Chicago Illinois. He grew up in the â€Å"ghetto† and learned to appreciate life. He didn’t learn to really, truly appreciate life until October of 2002. Driving back to his hotel late one night after a recording session, the new-coming rap/hip-hop artist was involved in a devastating, near fatal car accident. The crash left him with a broken jaw in three places and an appreciation for life. Just weeks after being released from the hospital he recorded his first major hit, â€Å"Through the Wire,† with his mouth still wired shut. He records every song like its going to be his last song and that makes every song better than the last. He’s not only a rap artist but also a producer. He has been responsible for being behind songs like Jay-Z’s Izzo, Girls, Girls, Girls, The T akeover, and 03 Bonnie and Clyde. â€Å"Through the Wire† was his first hit and it hit hard. With lyrics like: I must got a angel/ Cuz look like death missed his ass/ Unbreakable/ What you thought they call me Mr. Glass/ I look back on my life like the ghost of Christmas past/ Toys R Us where I used to spend that Christmas cash/ And I still won't grow up/ I'm a grown ass kid/ So I should be like other stupid s**t that I did/ But I'm a champion/ So I turned tragedy to triumph/ Make music that's fire/ Spit my soul through the wires. Read the lyrics and you’ll see why its so universal. If you listen to the â€Å"beats† and the rhythm you’ll really understand. One of his most controversial songs came later in his career, it was titled â€Å"Jesus Walks,† many people didn’t want this song to be played but radios did it any way and so did MTV. There is one verse of the song that makes you appreciate his work: To the hustlers, killers, murderers, drug dealers, even us crippers.../(Jesus walks with them!)/To the victims of welfare feel we living in hell here, hell yea.../(Jesus walks with them!)/Now hear ye hear ye wanna see thee more clearly/I know He hear me when my feet get weary/Cause we're the almost nearly

Kierkegaard and Nietzsche

There are a number of misconceptions many have regarding the philosophy of existentialism. Probably the most common misconception is the notion that it is a nihilistic, dark philosophy with a miserable outlook. This is a horribly inaccurate assessment as existentialism is really a philosophy of looking at life through a realistic lens. Of course, different people see things differently and this is why even famous, leading existentialist philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Nietzsche have diverse teaching methodologies for presenting existentialism. In order to clearly understand existentialism, one must look at some of these differences between these two existentialist philosophers.Both of these two philosophers understand that it is often perception that gets in the way of reality. That is, people will look at life their own biases and perspectives as opposed to looking at reality. Both Kierkegaard and Nietzsche understand that this inherent flaw is common among all humans and they stress that improvement of the individual can overcome this problem. Their approaches to the problem, however, lack much in terms of similarity.Probably the main difference between the two would be the notion of inward understanding vs. outward expression. For Kierkegaard, there is much internalization. That is, the individual needs to look at his or her own flaws and come to an anagnoris of that is somewhat akin to enlightenment and personal spirituality. For Nietzsche, the approach is far more humanist as the process for self improvement is found in how the person acts. That is to say, enlightenment does not come from a quasi sense of spirituality as much as it comes in personal achievement in realized goals. In a way, Nietzsche's â€Å"superman† displays who he is through his actions. For Kierkegaard, there is internal philosophizing that creates a different perspective. This, too, can change the person but without the external displays.Individualism is a very important po int for both of these philosophers. Often, existentialism is the philosophy of the self and is not concerned with collectivism. (This is one of the reasons why the philosophy is erroneously referred to as being pure narcissism) Kierkegaard, while very negative towards the notion of group think and groups, stresses that there are certain gains that can be made from within the group.This is provided, of course, that the man does not allow the group to take over his thinking. For Nietzsche it would seem there is more anger and bitterness towards the group. He has little use for collective pursuits of any kind and would prefer to shun it as opposed to Kierkegaard plays the collective for individual benefit. That is, use the flaws of the group as a guiding principle for self enlightenment.If there was any confusion present it would center on the notion that one could be self enlightened or a superman within a vacuum. That is, if you are the loner who feels â€Å"above it all† what value can that be worth if the group collective does not honor you achievements. Perhaps Kierkegaard and Nietzsche would state that whatever the group believes is worthless but most people do hope to gain value from the collective's envy. Then again, perhaps this confusion derives from rejecting some of the isolationist tendencies of existentialism. If you are not willing to completely reject â€Å"the group† then much of existentialism will prove unappealing.Once again, while the teachings of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche in regards to promoting existentialism seek the same goal, their approaches have a number of differences. Some are overt and some are subtle. Then, some are merely a matter of perception.HeideggerBut what really is the human being? While there are physical, biological and even spiritual aspects that comprise the human being most people can not put the sums together and provide a finite, conclusive answer to that very important question. Yet, it has been a ques tion posed by many existential philosophers for many years. One existentialist who sought to provide a very unique and definitive insight to what is a human being was Heidegger/ The attempts to do so are seen in his examination of Dasein. Dasein is essentially a way of looking at the individual's place in the world. As such, if you understand the person's place in the world then you will understand the person. In a way, this is because a being and a being's environment are inseparable. After all, does not environment shape the being?The interesting point that Heidegger puts forth is that throughout human history there is an unfortunate tendency by society to ignore the question of being. This is because the being is taken for granted. That is, individualism is somewhat discarded due to benign neglect. This is the result of putting far too much emphasis on society towards looking at the being on overly psychoanalytical of not overly metaphysical means. In other words, the collective has too much of a complicated definition for the being. This is often because society does not look at the being from the perspective of extreme simplicity: a human is a thinking organism prone to emotion. When a school of thought or an institution ignores this fact the ability to truly understand the being is lost.In a way, it would seem that Heidegger would hope that the being – the individual – would ignore society as it generally ignores him. That does not mean one should be dismissive or insubordinate to the rule of law. It simply means one should seek his or her own individual path and try to avoid the collective mentality and the influences it pedals.In a similar vein, there are a number of strong opinions surrounding Heidegger's philosophy vs. Wittgenstein's Logical Positivism. On a baseline level, Logical Positivism is a rebuke of mysticism and seeks to establish a more secular, logic based outlook on life. In a way, it is much like traditional existentialism although its approach can be somewhat more biting. What makes the comparison between Heidegger's theories and Logical Positivism is the fact that followers of Logical Positivism often accuse Heidegger's theories of being overly based in mysticism!This is a bizarre notion because it would infer that Heidegger's outlook on the concept of the being was not based on humanism, Instead, it would be inferred that the being centered on mysticism. Perhaps this is because those who prescribe to Logical Positivism see concepts of â€Å"the being† as being psychoanalytical variants of mysticism and spirituality. Obviously, this was not Heidegger's intention and such an inference would infer confusion.Perhaps this is because the Logical Positives followers would assume that there is far too much speculation inherent to answering questions regarding who or what is the being. Again, this brings us to the antagonistic attitudes certain realists may have regarding anything psychoanalytical. P erhaps to these individuals looking inward to answer questions of being might walk to close of a line towards spirituality. (Again, this is not Heidegger's intent but this is how some critics may have defined it.) Notion of spirituality walk too closely to mysticism for followers of Logical Positivism and that is why they may very well reject Heidegger.On a basic level, however, Heidegger's theories of the being are sound. Of course, there will be critics and that is expected, but to outright dismiss the benefits of Heidegger's work upon cursory examination would not be the wisest path to take.

Free Essays on Overcoming And Becoming ‘Improvement’

In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche uses the figure of Zarathustra to put forward his theory of how man can improve himself. Zarathustra teaches three metamorphosis of the spirit. The first is the camel, which is burdened by the established values of society. Next the spirit becomes the lion, which creates for itself the conditions necessary to create new values. The third metamorphosis is the child who, unencumbered by traditional values, is able to will its own will and follow its own path by creating new values. The child is the goal of development rather because only realized after the destruction of prescribed values are the conditions for creation the child is capable present. In Twighlight of the Idols Nietzsche discusses a different kind of â€Å"improvement.† Nietzsche identifies the ‘improvers’ of mankind as those who wish to tame and break his spirit. Zarathustra’s improvement requires a similar disposition as that employed by the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œimprovers’ Nietzsche describes. However, unlike the ‘improvers’ Nietzsche describes, Zarathustra teaches improvement where the individual is responsible for establishing his own values. Zarathustra requires the individual to create and recreate his own path rather than follow the will of another. Only by following one’s own path is one able to truly progress. The first metamorphosis of the spirit Zarathustra teaches is the camel. According to Zarathustra, the camel asks â€Å"What is the heaviest thing, you heroes? that I may take it upon me and rejoice in my strength† (Zarathustra, 54). Here Zarathustra identifies the camel as a beast of burden. The spirit in this stage believes that by carrying a burden it will display strength. The heaviest things the spirit is willing to carry are the tendencies to â€Å"debase yourself in order to injure your pride,† â€Å"to be sick and to send away comforters in order to tempt the tempter†, â€Å"to love those who despise us and to ... Free Essays on Overcoming And Becoming ‘Improvement’ Free Essays on Overcoming And Becoming ‘Improvement’ In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche uses the figure of Zarathustra to put forward his theory of how man can improve himself. Zarathustra teaches three metamorphosis of the spirit. The first is the camel, which is burdened by the established values of society. Next the spirit becomes the lion, which creates for itself the conditions necessary to create new values. The third metamorphosis is the child who, unencumbered by traditional values, is able to will its own will and follow its own path by creating new values. The child is the goal of development rather because only realized after the destruction of prescribed values are the conditions for creation the child is capable present. In Twighlight of the Idols Nietzsche discusses a different kind of â€Å"improvement.† Nietzsche identifies the ‘improvers’ of mankind as those who wish to tame and break his spirit. Zarathustra’s improvement requires a similar disposition as that employed by the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œimprovers’ Nietzsche describes. However, unlike the ‘improvers’ Nietzsche describes, Zarathustra teaches improvement where the individual is responsible for establishing his own values. Zarathustra requires the individual to create and recreate his own path rather than follow the will of another. Only by following one’s own path is one able to truly progress. The first metamorphosis of the spirit Zarathustra teaches is the camel. According to Zarathustra, the camel asks â€Å"What is the heaviest thing, you heroes? that I may take it upon me and rejoice in my strength† (Zarathustra, 54). Here Zarathustra identifies the camel as a beast of burden. The spirit in this stage believes that by carrying a burden it will display strength. The heaviest things the spirit is willing to carry are the tendencies to â€Å"debase yourself in order to injure your pride,† â€Å"to be sick and to send away comforters in order to tempt the tempter†, â€Å"to love those who despise us and to ...

Child Abuse †Creative Writing Essay

Child Abuse – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers Child Abuse Creative Writing Essay The sun was setting and the sweat on the boy’s forehead was dying away. He was certain that he would get to have dinner tonight, that his step mother would be proud; After all he had stolen 5 pounds, a cell phone and a silk embroidered jacket. He had arrived to his door step. He looked up into the sky and pleaded for a chance, a chance to eat, a chance to live like a normal child. With a sigh, and crossed fingers behind his back. He entered the house. Screams barred the walls, and as the special needs association entered the house, the kid was being thrown around like a butterfly with no wings. A woman, his mother was seen behind him, barbarically trusting a baseball bat against his chest. How could it be his mother? †¦ Every year, millions of children are abused, tortured and forced to live in homes where they do not belong. Whether it’s because they are adopted or whether it’s because their parents are alcoholic, children have no right to be treated in that way. Statistics have shown that more than 40% of special care victims are due to abusive treatment. They have also proved that most of these victims were abused without fault. A child’s mind works like a machine. Their thoughts, hopes and dreams are physiologically built. If they were to be raised up in such harsh conditions where home was prison, the children would suffer mentally, physically and emotionally. This includes lack of self esteem, education, and the chance of becoming intolerant, arrogant and abusive when he/she grows older. This is not all however; bullying is a quite a significant issue when it comes to dealing with abuse as it can lead the child with no friends, therefore affecting his/her education and a risky future. Research has shown that children suffering from child abuse may be described as experiencing trauma-attachment problems. The trauma experienced is the result of abuse or neglect, inflicted by a primary caregiver, which disrupts the normal development of secure attachment. A child of abuse is scarred for life perhaps not physically, but certainly mentally. Thoughts like contemplating suicide, stealing, lying, loneliness, and treating others the way the child was treated become a primary source, a want and a need. A lot of measures have been taken to prevent child abuse from happening however, a lot more needs to and can be done. Firstly, all parents should be notified and should be taught that their children are blessings and that abusing them in any situation will prove nothing but inhumanity. Secondly, if children are to be adopted, there should under go various processes and should be reminded that if parents are adopt a child, he/she should be treated like every member of the family. Thirdly, child support organizations and various support groups should take notice of this issue. The boy had repeatedly been beaten as he had not stolen more than 5 dollars. What could he do? It was to happen and so it did. The child crouched up into a cocoon, waiting to be set free. At that moment, a group of people arrived in black suits with gun. The mother stopped and looked at the woman unknowingly. She backed off, knowing that she was going to get arrested. The child lay there and there at that moment a tear strolled down his cheek, a tear of joy. It was a new beginning to a new journey. He didn’t know what it would be like however, one thing was set for sure, it would never be like the journey that had just ended. Research Papers on Child Abuse - Creative Writing EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Standardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Free Essays on Vice-presidency

INTRO-THE VICE PRESIDENCY John Nance Garner disparagingly quipped, â€Å" [it] wasn’t worth a pitcher of warm spit.† Charles Dawes reciprocated his successors’ denigration by sniping, â€Å"This is a hell of a job. I can only do two things: one is sit up here and listen to you birds talk†¦the other is to look at newspapers every morning to see how the President’s health is.† Additionally, even John Adams, one of the most revered and illustrious pioneers of our democratic state, vilified the office he was first to hold, as, â€Å"†¦the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.† If the office, prey to the verbal assails above isn’t apparent to you, then I should divulge the obvious: it is the United States Office of the Vice Presidency. The American Vice-Presidency, despite once serving as a stepping stone for fourteen future presidents, has candidly always been regarded as the most ineffe ctive and ignored Constitutional office in the U.S. These days, on the forefront of the twenty first century, we are far from being embroiled in a constitutional crisis debating the necessity of this office, yet the proposition to abolish the vice-presidency has and does surface from time to time. While, I was moved by the quotes I read from former VPs, such as Spiro T. Agnew, who joked, â€Å"A little over a week ago, I took a rather unusual step for a vice president†¦I said something,† I elected not to support the abolition of the vice-presidency. Those who differ, craft convincing arguments outlining why the Executive Branch, that creates the conflict of a â€Å"[man] is nothing but†¦may be everything,† is in need of such a reform. The forefront of these arguments by anti-VPs is the â€Å"flawed†12th amendment, which details how the presidency is succeeded if its officeholder can no longer serve. The irrationality in their view is that the 12th amendment pla... Free Essays on Vice-presidency Free Essays on Vice-presidency INTRO-THE VICE PRESIDENCY John Nance Garner disparagingly quipped, â€Å" [it] wasn’t worth a pitcher of warm spit.† Charles Dawes reciprocated his successors’ denigration by sniping, â€Å"This is a hell of a job. I can only do two things: one is sit up here and listen to you birds talk†¦the other is to look at newspapers every morning to see how the President’s health is.† Additionally, even John Adams, one of the most revered and illustrious pioneers of our democratic state, vilified the office he was first to hold, as, â€Å"†¦the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.† If the office, prey to the verbal assails above isn’t apparent to you, then I should divulge the obvious: it is the United States Office of the Vice Presidency. The American Vice-Presidency, despite once serving as a stepping stone for fourteen future presidents, has candidly always been regarded as the most ineffe ctive and ignored Constitutional office in the U.S. These days, on the forefront of the twenty first century, we are far from being embroiled in a constitutional crisis debating the necessity of this office, yet the proposition to abolish the vice-presidency has and does surface from time to time. While, I was moved by the quotes I read from former VPs, such as Spiro T. Agnew, who joked, â€Å"A little over a week ago, I took a rather unusual step for a vice president†¦I said something,† I elected not to support the abolition of the vice-presidency. Those who differ, craft convincing arguments outlining why the Executive Branch, that creates the conflict of a â€Å"[man] is nothing but†¦may be everything,† is in need of such a reform. The forefront of these arguments by anti-VPs is the â€Å"flawed†12th amendment, which details how the presidency is succeeded if its officeholder can no longer serve. The irrationality in their view is that the 12th amendment pla...

Personality Characteristics in Organizations Essay

Personality Characteristics in Organizations - Essay Example ings because I have talents that I know could be useful in every endeavor and I know there are still talents inside of me that still need to be discovered. In line with this, I also have high self-esteem which I believe carries be through every difficulty I face. My evaluations of myself are positive. Of course I commit mistakes however I do not take those negatively like it is almost the end of the world for me. Rather, I take those mistakes as parts of my learning so that in similar occasions, I would know what must be done. Sometimes, I can also be deeply affected by failures but I think I am quite resilient, able to encourage myself to face life’s challenges and become better each day. I guess I give credit to self-monitoring about this positive outlook that I have about myself. I have the tendency of evaluating my performances, reviewing the events of the day in my mind and thinking how I should have acted or reacted. Consequently, I tend to have more and more improvement s as I live each day. Nevertheless, I also tend to overdo self-monitoring which leads me to expect too much from myself. Extreme self-esteem and self-efficacy also make me inclined to be overpowering so I have to work hard to control these positive traits I

Polis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Polis - Essay Example However, by the 12th century BC, they started living as nomadic or sedentary tribes. By the 8th century BC, these tribes grew into political entities that revolved around trade and commerce. From here, the Polis was born, spurred on by the need for common protection and organization among these entities. The Polis was not a structure that was bound by territory as much as it was bound by political, religious, or tribal affiliation of the members. A polis would be composed of several tribes, or demes; foreigners, or metics; and slaves. Only the demes would be truly considered as citizens and would have the right to participate in the polis' government. The polis, being a small city-state (Sparta was the largest at only 3000 square miles), allowed for much political experimentation. At the beginning, various structures were employed by the Greek states - monarchies (rule by kings), oligarchies (rule by a few), timocracies (rule by the wealthy), tyrannies (rule by tyrants or usurpers) and democracies (rule by the people). The states adopted the structure that they saw most fit for the crises they encountered. One other advantage of a polis was its size. Since the polis was a small city-based entity, it was easier to manage, organize.

America and it's role in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

America and it's role in the world - Essay Example Bush moved quickly to stimulate on the fear created by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The result was a manufactured hysteria that created a situation in which the American public became easily manipulated to blindly accept any measures that promised greater security against the threat of another attack. Pres. Bush wasted little time in applying pressure on Congress to pass legislation that intended to loosen restrictions on civil liberties and constitutional rights under the guise of expanding the ability of law enforcement to investigate terrorist activity and only terrorist activity. The Patriot Act made it possible for investigators to more easily get search warrants and conduct eavesdropping. It also allows detainees to be held indefinitely and has led to racial profiling that has resulted in the detention of Middle Eastern immigrants for no other cause than that they resemble known terrorists (Finan 275). In other words, American has traded it in its longstanding tradition of fairness and equality for all in exchange for the security that comes with identifying criminals by the way they appear. Of course, because the crime is terrorism and because the criminals behind the act that ignited these crimes possessed a definite ethnic stereotypical appearance, it becomes easier to a ccept. How easily would Americans accept the idea of detaining anyone who looks British or French The sacrifice of liberties clearly has a racially discriminatory tone to it that proves that despite the election of a black man as President, the United States still has a long path to walk before the issue of judging a person based on appearance is thoroughly addressed. The argument that easy facilitation of search warrants is an incredibly powerful weapon in the war on terror is not the argument that is at stake at this point; increasingly the evidence is piling up that the abuse of the relaxation of rules regarding search warrants has been used not to protect American against a second attack by foreign terrorists, but to justify the invasion of the privacy of law abiding Americans with no connection to terrorism whatever. Sec. 206 of the Patriot Act allowed law enforcement agencies for the first time to require just a single warrant that would cover the wiretapping of a home phone, a cell phone, and a computer (Schermer 107). While the intent of such broad rewriting of the existing laws regarding wiretapping surveillance was to make it easier to investigate suspected terrorists, the most infamous example related to the expansion of surveillance laws resulted in an artist named Steve Kurtz being brought in for questioning on a very shaky foundatio n of suspicion that that bioterrorist weapons could be created from the ingredients he used in his art supplies. Under the auspices of the Patriot Act, and by definition under the concept that security means being willing to trade rights for protection, Mr. Kurtz was not only held without ever being officially charged, but while he was in custody law enforcement officers conducted a thorough search of his house and seized his computers. Worst of all was that during this prolonged investigation, the police even conducted an examination of his wife's body; she had died of cardiac arrest that morning. It was later determined that none of Kurtz's supplies could actually ever be used in the creation of a weapon (Sutton, Brind, McKenzie 131.) One of the most

Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cases - Essay Example There is a set of outlined mitigating circumstances in terms of FWA, which should be taken into account in the process of considerations about an employee’s dismissal (the personal and economic situation of the employee, the employee’s unblemished record, genuine remorse and contrition). The article â€Å"Fair Work Australia: unfair dismissal, at the employer’s initiative and demotion† by Carol Andrades and Ryan Carlisle Thomas deals with the Fair Work Australia Full Bench decision, which is focused on the factors, which should be taken into account in the process of an employee’s dismissal. On the example of a pregnant woman, who had many difficulties in the process of her work, it is shown that the employer did not take into account her special needs and concerns and as a result, this woman experienced an efficient decrease in remuneration. The employer made an emphasis on an employee’s incompliance with the terms of the contract and the employee had to accept the repudiation. This case illustrates a harsh, unjust and unreasonable dismissal and the employee, who was awarded $25,821 compensation. Question: which factors should be taken into account in order to avoid an unfair dismissal of an employee? There is a need to focus on de facto and de jure agreement of a contract; the assessment of the contract repudiation, the â€Å"termination at the initiative of the employer† means and the cases, when a demotion constitutes a dismissal. The article â€Å"Social media dismissals: work/home dividing line blurred† by Joe Catanzariti deals with a role social media plays in the process of an employee’s dismissal. There is the first case, which deals with the employee, who posted a negative commentary on his Face book page about his employer. Fair Work Australia did not support an employee and a decision to fire

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience Essay

How are tourism businesses using ICT to improve the tourist experience - Essay Example 109). This implies that the application of an array of communications- and computer-assisted, and electronic technologies are being used to a greater extent to improve the performance and implementation of business operations in the tourism industry, and to enhance tourist experience. One of the primary functions of ICTs is the processing and speeding up of information flow to and from the customers. In addition to the World Wide Web, other technology devices, such as smartphone and GPS, have boosted the tourist experience (Mamaghani, 2009; Cantoni, Kalbaska, & Inversini, 2009). Homogenisation of communication technologies allows global reception of mobile phones. Tourists use GPS to quickly and conveniently acquire directions and information about present locations. The combination of standard technologies and systems also has given suppliers the opportunity to lessen costs, and enhance the tourist experience. For instance, airline businesses launched mobile check-in by combining th e check-in procedure with the newest mobile phone technologies (Frew, 2000; Kourtit et al., 2011). Customers gain from further ease or convenience and the tourism sector gains from cost efficiency by supplanting employees with kiosks. Other technologies that the tourism sector can use nowadays in order to enhance the tourist experience are the QR Code, augmented reality, MP3 guide, and geolocation marketing. Quick Response (QR) Codes are a kind of barcode that can be seen through QR reading gadgets such as smartphones. QR Code can be used by tourists to access addresses, maps, and locations through their mobile phones (Hall & Williams, 2008). Augmented reality is a latest technology that erases the line separating what is unreal and what is real by improving people’s senses. This technology is guiding tourists and gives them a surreal experience of magnificent tourist destinations (Conrady, 2010, p. 248). MP3 guide provides tourists access to maps, from historic destinations to the most popular attractions. This technology eliminates the need for tour guides, and makes the tourist experience convenient and trouble-free (Conrady, 2010). Geolocation is a process of detecting a physical location using a wireless device. It can detect a person’s longitude and latitude coordinates to identify his/her precise position. The tourism sector may use geolocation marketing to enhance its services by making local information available to its customers. Tourism businesses may concentrate its marketing efforts and advertise to local populations (Yunker, 2010, p. 76). Geolocation marketing is giving the tourism sector the opportunity to show services that are offered in specific locations. ICTs in Tourism Much of the progress in the tourism industry is rooted in technology processes and facilities that businesses buy for their standard activities. Recently, ICT systems have produced numerous process innovations. Processing of accounts, checking in of guests, and bookings has become considerably downsized, and additional facilities for maintenance made operations more versatile and flexible (Zhou, 2004; Ruiz-Molina, Gil-Saura, & Moliner-Velasquez, 2010). Cooper and colleagues (1998 as cited in Page & Connell, 2006, p. 44) have observed that these ICTs are

Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cases - Essay Example There is a set of outlined mitigating circumstances in terms of FWA, which should be taken into account in the process of considerations about an employee’s dismissal (the personal and economic situation of the employee, the employee’s unblemished record, genuine remorse and contrition). The article â€Å"Fair Work Australia: unfair dismissal, at the employer’s initiative and demotion† by Carol Andrades and Ryan Carlisle Thomas deals with the Fair Work Australia Full Bench decision, which is focused on the factors, which should be taken into account in the process of an employee’s dismissal. On the example of a pregnant woman, who had many difficulties in the process of her work, it is shown that the employer did not take into account her special needs and concerns and as a result, this woman experienced an efficient decrease in remuneration. The employer made an emphasis on an employee’s incompliance with the terms of the contract and the employee had to accept the repudiation. This case illustrates a harsh, unjust and unreasonable dismissal and the employee, who was awarded $25,821 compensation. Question: which factors should be taken into account in order to avoid an unfair dismissal of an employee? There is a need to focus on de facto and de jure agreement of a contract; the assessment of the contract repudiation, the â€Å"termination at the initiative of the employer† means and the cases, when a demotion constitutes a dismissal. The article â€Å"Social media dismissals: work/home dividing line blurred† by Joe Catanzariti deals with a role social media plays in the process of an employee’s dismissal. There is the first case, which deals with the employee, who posted a negative commentary on his Face book page about his employer. Fair Work Australia did not support an employee and a decision to fire

Forensic Accounting Review Questions (Easy) Essay

Forensic Accounting Review Questions (Easy) - Essay Example Either the management or the accounting team are the most prone to engaging in these acts. Lack of business ethics and personal morals are the breeding grounds for these fraudulent activities. It has been clear that individuals engage in fraudulent activities because of diverse motivations and stimulations. When it comes to revenue fraud, the likelihood is for the company to overstate and understate various parameters, we found that this is done by manipulating the sales, recognition of conditional sales, sale of consignments, misstatement of the percentage of completion, abusing of the cut off dates, unauthorized shipment and premature recognition of revenue. Concerning the same issue of revenue, the collusion by the fraudsters can result to situations such as understatement of bad debts, overstatement of ending inventories, overstatement of the assets’ worth, and understatement of the liabilities among other dubious means. All these aspects are under the motivation of the ne ed to cover up mistakes or misrepresentation of the financial position of the company. The knowledge acquired is very helpful to my future employer and me as an individual. In the workplace, we have diversity of people, some of whom can manipulate situations to their advantage. It is important to aware of what is ethical in the workplace in order to avoid being trapped on such situations. Sometimes the management may coerce an employee to engage in a fraudulent activity, without such knowledge one is likely to commit fraud unknowingly. Another thing is that lessons learnt stirred my curiosity in understanding business law; it has prompted me to start engaging this area since it can easily result to personal and organizational damages. In addition, it has opened my mind to the understanding business of dynamics, including the manipulations that are likely to be made in order to misrepresent information for a particular organization. The group was very influential in the understanding of the topic. I participated in the group activity by handling the section that I was assigned to research on and went ahead to help in the report writing. The group members were very cooperative hence facilitating timely achievement of results. I also presented a fraudulent case scenario that enhanced the understanding of the topic. The case had featured in one of the local dailies; it helped us relate very well what we learnt in class. Each member of the group completed the task assigned to them on time hence the ability of the group to finish the project on time. Despite the many lessons learnt some of the topic areas were challenging and presented some level of difficult. During the lecture sessions I found difficult in understanding the legal provisions of that are related to fraudulent activities. However, after extensive and repetitive reading I was able to comprehend the sub-topic. Question 2 Fraudulent activities are not easily identified, it is highly unlikely that a frau dulent activity will be realized unless the parties involved leak information or some auditing system unearths it. These are the likely means through which tips come along, without which it may be impossible to recognize a fraudulent activity. I do not think a fraudulent activity is recognized in the first instance. The high level of secrecy that is involved hampers the process of

Trends In Merchandizing Essay Example for Free

Trends In Merchandizing Essay Over several years ago, manufacturers and retailers have been putting more emphasis and placing increased importance on the in-stock merchandizing and marketing. Since mid 1990s, the effectiveness of traditional marketing has really declined. Also the competition between retailers and channels has been increasing which have been treated as the factors in driving the trend. According to Bishop Willard in October 2002, he noted that more consumers make around 70% of all purchasing decisions while in store shopping. This has been the main reason as to why stores are the new platforms for brand marketing while the difficulties in delivering effective in store solutions for merchandizing increases, and also the need to implement state-of-the art merchandizing software capable of strategizing, planning, visualizing and communicating such solutions arises (Varien 2001, pg 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interactive edge in merchandizing has built many interactive sales applications for the top consumer package goods manufacturers for about ten years ago. Since the year 2002, there has been an increase in demand for interactive requests which focused entirely on planning and communicating merchandizing solutions. The ability to create account specific market plans is very crucial because each customer has specialized schedules, strategies, programs, objectives and store and market conditions. Marketing plans are ideally supported by customer and category insights, analysis of promotion that speak in the situation of the customer, sales goals and brand information. The marketing plans that are informed by customer insights and account specific category have greatest impact in setting the stage for activities in merchandizing. In any marketing planning, it is important to implement the existing opportunities and conditions for each customer by first assessing the customer’s current merchandizing solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smart bargains have managed thousands of dollars of continual changing inventory on daily basis. The firm’s experienced buyers should act on a moment’s notice to buy a wide range of high quality products at unexpected discounts. At the midst of controlled disorders at the core of this changing business, smart bargains required a solution to enable buyers, senior executives and planners to report and manage future and historical merchandize plans in a responsive, efficient and highly flexible manner. Smart bargains has turned to Envisa to implement and architect a business intelligence suite through use of Microsoft server 200 analysis and Microsoft table in excel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The solution which leveraged merchandizing data mart had been developed during earlier incentive which provided smart bargain with a powerful reporting architecture that untied business users from the need to make complex questions in custom report writing. Merchandizing strategy creation does not imply a complete decorator make over. In order to enhance customers’ image of store, one should perceive his own store the way the customers see it and provide the customers with their requirements. According to research by Russel M who is a retail hardware operator, the consequences of a customer satisfaction survey came up with seven aspects customers want their hard ware stores to play for them. The customers require hardware stores to offer services which are special, make enjoyable shopping, have provision of one stop shopping destination, help them to save time, help them to save money, assist them better to understand d-i-y projects, and also make shopping easy (Phelps 1963, pg 78). At global shop, retail design experts, annual retail design exposition co-produced by design ideas and display conducted studies on why and how today’s consumer shop and also how a store can merchandize its goods so as to best meet the customers requirements. Those designers came up with emerging merchandizing trends to assist the retailers in all firms and industries to provide their customers with the kind of shopping experience they need. It is very important to keep up to date with these trends because as the number of shopping choice in the market grows, clients will find the most enjoyable and satisfying experience for shopping. This is also a better way of reaching ones store’s changing customer base. This includes more shoppers of females and also the next shopper’s generation who would expect more interactive and entertaining shopping experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to maintain home improvement shoppers from shifting to other shopping alternatives like big boxes, the internet and mass merchandisers, the retailers require incorporating an updated merchandizing strategy so as to cultivate customer loyalty and sales based on preferences of consumers. Some of the emerging trends, with details on how the home improvement industry is incorporating these trends are outlined below. Accommodation for shopper’s need for entertainment competing with the increasing popularity of increasing sales during an uncertain economy and internet shopping one the only two major factors that drive the today’s trend towards entertainment in retailing according to Schaffner K who is the publisher of design ideas and displays searching for ways to get customers to interact with the produced products is the core of the retail tainment concept, according to Schaffner. He added that this strategy does not hurt while conducting it. Such thinking was behind sears’ new tool territory format which so far has implemented in 131 stores of mall nation wide with around 200 additional stores slated for format incorporation this year (Brand 1963, pg 85).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tool territory concept was created from consumer’s point of view and its caters to how the stores target clients –male-d-i-years-prefers to stores. The purpose of designing the tool territory was to be an interactive playground for men according to Costello Larry who is a senior manager in communications for sears. He further explains that, sears created a tusk force to research for customer’s requirements and expectations especially when shopping for tools. The study concluded that, individuals want to interact with tools and also experience their features in the stores. In incorporating these hands on approach to buying tools, sears have positioned a strategy of â€Å"try me† stations in several locations within the hardware department. For instance, if a client is deciding which item to purchase, like hammer, he or she can first try it our by hitting it on a free standing metal spike that has been placed in front of hammer display. Prospective buyers of power drills can pick up on the drills displayed outside the boxes on light displays with signed, and use it to make a hole in a well placed block of wood (Shilburg 2003, pg 231).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With all consumer packed goods or items available and the notice able changes in effective displays of merchandizing and the market place promotions, it becomes very hard for a consumer to come up with proper decisions. Manufacturers and retailers should start to cut through this clutter by having simplified shopping experiences the latest research conducted from the information researchers has not covered the early indicators that point to consumer centric approach to emerging merchandizing consequently, merchandizing as it is defined today is likely to undergo major of transformations. By considering the emerging trend, trends report and the latest times and also the growing demand for a consumer centric approach, the world’s largest provider of enterprise market information services and solutions for the customer package goods, health care industries and retail, explores trends in practicing merchandizing, including displays, new practices of innovations like manufacturers embark up on this transformation, customer packaged goods and temporary price reductions. As the retailers reduce the grocery display space, manufacturers require innovative merchandizing devices that should have a stress to the importance of consumer centric merchandizing to provide more profitable rewards in order to feature and complete space during the next several years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketers should step up merchandizing innovation in have the shopping experience simplified, to have a break through the clatter and have better alignment with consumer segments and their patterns of shopping. The Information Resources Inc report aimed at helping the consumer packaged goods manufacturers and retailers to see new risks and opportunities that will arise with the new trends of merchandizing so that they can be able to act on the insights with confidence and speed and win at the shelf (Beck man 1967,pg 421).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the past several years, merchandizing activity has been declining in more than half of all the customer packaged goods categories as the CPG marketers start to realize that, more of anything is not better with respect to merchandizing. Through development of new store formats and pronounced focus on perimeter upscale and departments, uncluttered layouts, a competition for shrinking grocery display space has intensified for various categories. Merchandizing is perceived as an effective sales driver as the majority of consumer categories gain an average volume lift of around fifty percent or more with around 25 percent reacting 100 percent when the tactics of merchandising are applied. References Beckman T, (1967). Marketing. New York. Brand E, (1963). Modern Supermarket Operation. New York. Phelps D, (1936).Migration of Industry to South America. New York. Shilbury D, (2003). Strategic Sport Marketing. Crows Nest. Varley R, (2001), Retail Product Management in Buying and Merchandising. London.

Effect of Socioeconomic Stress on Family Health

Effect of Socioeconomic Stress on Family Health Revisions and Literature Review Tiffany Stewart Socioeconomic status is defined â€Å"as the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation† (American Psychological Association, 2014). There are higher and lower socioeconomic statuses (SES) that can have a big effect on a family’s health. In 2012, research showed that one in five children lived below the federal poverty line (Noble et al., 2012). Family resources such as â€Å"income, parent’s education and health can have a direct and indirect benefit for children† (Thompson, 2014, p. 42). Families in lower SES have poor physical and mental health compared to families in higher SES. When a family lives in a lower SES, there are more stressful life events that affect the whole family. Stress can be defined as â€Å"a complex psychobiological process with biological, emotional, mental, and behavioral consequences, all of which influence one another† (Thompson, 2014, p. 46). Children and adolescents are at an age where they are not able to provide their own socioeconomic status. This is left up to the parents, which can have big effect on the child’s developmental outcomes at the current age and later in life (Hackman Farah, 2009). Research has shown that when a stressful life event occurs, catecholamines and glococorticoids are mediated (Lupien, King, Meaney, McEwen, 2000). When glucocorticoid response to stress in a short amount of time, this is an adaptive function that is normal. When glucocorticoid has increased for long periods of time, this can be associated with different depressive symptoms (Lupien et al., 2000). There is also other research on how stress from the mother will affect the child once born. The fetus is left exposed to the mother’s diet, emotions, and environmental influences that can have effect on development (Thompson, 2014). The fetus is very sensitive to maternal stress. If the mother is under a lot of stress during pregnancy, the child will have a greater reactivity to stress once born (Thompson, 2014). One study showed that when the fetus was exposed to maternal cortisol, seven year old girls had emotional difficulties and a larger volume in the right amygdale (Thompson, 2014). After a child has been born and has been under a lot of stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis does not function the way it should. The HPA axis is a human’s central stress response system. The neurological circuitry is changed to how the body response to stress. This will happen when the child is exposed to stressful event on multiple occasions to change the sen sitivity of the HPA system (Thompson, 2014). The way the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system is supposed to work in individuals that are not exposed to large amounts of stress is by the â€Å"release of steroid hormone cortisol from the adrenal gland† (Essex, Klein, Cho Kalin, 2002, p. 777). Cortisol (stress hormone) has a big influence on brain function. When cortisol is released during stressful experiences, this will enhance an organism’s ability to adapt in those times (Essex et al., 2002). Elevated levels cortisol that happens multiple times during the early years will cause physiologic effects later in the individual’s life. These effects include â€Å"increased resistance to the effects of insulin, promotion of obesity, impaired memory via effects on hippocampal neurons, and altered immune responses† (Essex et al., 2012, p. 777). Behavior can also tie into the disruptive HPA axis activity when stress occurs. These behaviors include how the child is â€Å"coping, cognitive and attention problems, poor emotional regulation, and difficulty in social functioning† (Thompson, 2014, p. 45). These behavior problems have associations for children’s academic functioning as well as building relationships with other children and adults. Children that have been exposed to stressful events multiple times in their early life show academically that they have a hard time concentrating, remembering things, and controlling their own thinking. With relationships, children have â€Å"heighten emotional reactivity and weaken emotional self-regulation† (Thompson, 2014, p. 45). Stress in general is part of every person’s life. A normal amount of stress is nothing to worry about and necessary to survive. Stress does occur at a young age, and this will help to develop coping skills and learn how to adapt to stressful situations that will occur throughout the lifetime (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). Parents are the ones that should help the children learn how to deal with stress in a healthy way. When stress is not dealt in a healthy way, there can be short and long-term health effects. Research has shown that there are three different types of stress that a person can go through in their life. These three include positive stress, tolerable stress, and toxic stress. Positive stress is from negative experiences that are short-term (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). Examples of positive stress are when children start a new school, or when someone else takes a toy away from them. The health effects include heart rate being increased and hormone levels changing. This type of stress is normal and the parents can help the child learn how to cope with it as a developmental process (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). Tolerable stress is from a negative experience that impacts the child more than positive stress but is still short-term. Examples of tolerable stress include dealing with a death of a family member, or the parents are separating (divorce) (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). As long as the child has support from a family member or someone close to the child, he/she is usually able to learn how to deal with experience in a healthy way. If the child learns to deal with the experience in a healthy way, it will turn into possible stress. If the child is unable to deal with the experience, this can turn into toxic stress that will have long-term health effects (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). Socioeconomic stress falls under the category of toxic stress. This kind of stress is from negative experiences that can continue for long periods of time. Other examples include neglect and abuse (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). When toxic stress occurs, brain development and functioning will be disrupted. Health problems can also occur that have the capacity to be long-term. There is research that has shown how brain development is effected by long-term stress like socioeconomic stress. Brain development is a process that starts to take place during pregnancy. Factors that influence brain development include genetics and the environment that the mother is in. The toxic stress on brain development can impair the connection of brain circuits and lead to developing a smaller brain (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). The circuits in the brain can cause a child to not be able to handle stress. The child will overreact to conflicting experiences that occur in his/her life. High levels of cortisol (stress hormone) can also damage the hippocampus that affects learning and memory that can continue into adulthood. There is even research that has shown that high levels of stress hormones can restrain the immune response in the body. The individual can end up with different infections and health problems (Middlebrooks Audage, 2008). Socioeconomic status has shown that there are negative effects on the developing brain. This includes regions of the brain responsible for language, and stress hormones. Linguistic exposure at a young age has been linked with developmental differences in language regions in the left hemisphere of the brain (Noble, Houston, Kan, Sowell, 2012). The left temporal, temporo-occipital and the frontal cortices are responsible for the development of language skills (Noble et al., 2012). Depending on the SES of the parents that are raising children in those environments will effect what kinds of resources are available to develop those regions of the brain. Higher SES families use parent-child reading activities and have multiple books available to help the child learn language skills compared to families that live in lower SES. Two fMRI studies have shown SES differences with children in two different parts of the left hemisphere for language. These include the functions of the left fusifor m and the left inferior frontal gyrus (Noble et al., 2012). Children from lower SES tend to show a difference in how they experience stressful events reflected in hormonal markers of stress (Noble et al., 2012). Research on stress in animals and humans has shown negative effects on the hippocampus, amygdale, and the anterior cingulated cortex in the medial prefrontal cortex (Noble et al., 2012, p. 518). These areas of the brain are critical for developing memory, socio-emotional processing, and cognitive control/self-regulation. An fMRI study showed that children in lower SES will more likely have a smaller hippocampus (Noble et al., 2012). The background information provided in the paper has shown that during pregnancy, a fetus can be affected by the socioeconomic stress the mother is dealing with. With this research, it has shown that the stress the parents deal with in their daily lives disrupts the development the child goes through mentally and physically. Socioeconomic status is usually defined by family education, occupation, and income level (Noble et al., 2012). The fetus is very sensitive to the stress the mother goes through which will affect child when they are born. The child will then have a greater reactivity to stressful situations (Thompson, 2014). This area of research is a problem since there is known information of how the stress does affect the child even before they are born. If the socioeconomic stress is affecting the child’s development, will this affect the child later in life? The purpose of this study is focus on socioeconomic stress and the effects it has on a child’s developing brain later in life. There is a lot of research on what happens to the brain of a developing child when there is a lot of stress being exposed to him/her. Research has shown that children that are sensitive to stress from environmental factors when they are born will have higher cortisol levels (stress hormone). What has gaps in the research is if the high levels of cortisol (stress hormone) in a young child will determine mental health problems later in the individual’s life. The only research on this area is very general and does not specifically explain mental health problems that can occur. The only specific research in this area mentions how children will have behavior and academic problems as they get older. The purpose of the study will include children at the ages of 5-10 to determine if they are experiencing mental health problems from the socioeconomic stress they experienced during pregnancy and at birth. Women in the second trimester will also need to be included to look back on the kind of stress they were experiencing that could affect their children in low SES. The mothers and the children at one month would also need to be looked at. The cortisol levels would be tested by a saliva sample from the children at the ages of 5-10. Starting with pregnancy and going to the ages of 5-10 will track maternal stress from infancy to childhood and the mental health problems that can occur from it. Essex, Klein, Cho, and Kalin (2002) also did a study on maternal stress and how it affects children later in life. This study was only one to observe mother’s during pregnancy and continue until the child was four and a half years old. The author’s results showed that elevated cortisol levels appear to predict dysregulated behavior and mental disorders (Essex et al., 2002). Other findings also included how â€Å"maternal stress may increase the vulnerability of the developing child’s HPA system to later stress exposure† (Essex et al., 2012, p. 780). Since little research has started with maternal stress, it is important that further research is done to show that there is an effect on children’s mental health later in life. There research only covered socioeconomic stress, maternal stress, and cortisol level. This leaves out other factors (e.g. genetics) that could cause children mental health problems later in life. The question that would need to b e addressed is what other factors could have an effect on children’s mental health later in life. References American Psychological Association (2014). Socioeconomic status. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/topics/socioeconomic-status/ Essex, M. J., Klein, M. H., Cho, E., Kalin, N. H. (2002). Maternal stress beginning in infancy may sensitize children to later stress exposure: Effects on cortisol and behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 52(8), 776-784. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01553-6 Hackman, D. A., Farah, M. J. (2009). Socioeconomic status and the developing brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(2), 65-73. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.003 Lupien, S. J., King, S., Meaney, M. J., McEwen, B. S. (2000). Child’s stress hormone levels correlate with mother’s socioeconomic status and depressive state. Biological Psychiatry,48(10), 976-980. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00965-3 Middlebrooks, J.S., Audage, N.C. (2008). The effects of childhood stress on health across the lifespan. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Noble, K. G., Houston, S. M., Kan, E., Sowell, E. R. (2012). Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain. Developmental Science, 15(4), 516- 527. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01147.x Thompson, R. A. (2014). Stress and child development. The Future of Children, 24(1), Retrieved from http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1539237845?acco untid=3783

The Maasai Culture And Ecological Adaptations Essay -- Maasai Culture

Introduction The Rift Valley in East Africa has been the home of pastoralists for over three thousand years. A number of different tribes migrated to Kenya, grouped by language they include the Cushites derived from Southern Ethiopia, the Nilotes, which include the Maasai, from Southern Sudan, and the Bantu. The Maa speaking people are the group from which the Maasai originated; their expansion southward into the Great Rift Valley began about 400 years ago. The second stage of Maasai expansion involved the emergence of a central Maasai alliance as well as the expansion and differentiation out of the Central Rift Valley. There are numerous Maasai tribes, and we will be primarily discussing the Arusha and Central Maasai. Environmental Aspects The Maasai live throughout north central Tanzania and southern Kenya. Kenya Maasailand is presently located near the coast in the Narok and Kajiado districts. The territory in 1981 measured approximately 39,476 square kilometers. Details on the environment in this area are necessary in order to understand the Maasai people who depend upon it for their survival. The region is typical of arid and semi-arid lands. The Maasailand area has an extremely low amount of surface water, and shallow alkaline soils which proves to be a difficult problem for their cattle-raising practices, and the main reason why they have adapted pastoralism rather than agriculture. The amount of rainfall varies greatly (usually less than 500 mm a year) , with occasional violent storms erupting. The location of the rain may be very specific, effecting a very small area without touching a nearby location. The amount of rainfall fluctuates every year and droughts are frequent. The Maasai have adapted to their livin g co... ...1963 5. Irons, Eugene â€Å"The Pauperization of the Maasai in Kenya† Africa Today pg. 57-65 6. KenyaWeb http://www.kenyaweb.com/people/nilotes/nilotes.html 7. Saitoti, Tepilit Ole The Worlds of a Maasai Warrior University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles 1986 8. Sindiga, Isaac â€Å"Fertility Control and Population Growth Among the Maasai† African Studies Review v.27 (Mar. ’84) pp.23-39 1984 9. Spear, Thomas and Richard Waller Being Maasai: Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa James Currey Ltd. London 1993 10. Spear, Thomas Kenya’s Past: An Introduction to Historical Method in Africa Longman Group Limited London 1981 11. Spencer, Paul The Maasai of Matapato: A Study of Rituals of Rebellion Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis 1988 12. Tigner, Robert L. The Colonial Transformation of Kenya Princeton University Press 1976

Arising of Magic Realism Through Allusions to the Bible and Tragedians

Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, is a novel often associated with magic realism. Throughout the novel, the idea of magic realism is promoted through intertext examples of The Bible. Magic realism is defined as an artistic style in which magical elements or irrational scenarios appear in an otherwise realistic or "normal" setting. The many intertextual examples throughout the work are alluded from outside sources such as the Bible and the tragedians of the Greeks and Romans. These allusions not only strengthen the novel, but further correlate them with the idea of magic realism. Magic realism, as defined by Wendy Faris, contains five key elements which must be present for this component to ring true in a piece of literature. The first key element is the novel contains â€Å"†¦something we cannot explain according to the laws of the universe as we know them† (Faris 167). Throughout the novel, several examples which make this constituent true are present. For example, when Jose Arcadia Buendia’s murder occurs and his blood runs through the streets to Ursula’s home, Marquez writes, â€Å"A trickle of blood came out under the door, crossed the living room, went out into the street, continued on in a straight line across the uneven terraces, went down steps and climbed up curbs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Marquez 144). In reality, as readers, it is known that blood cannot travel long distances or climb objects. Remedios the Beauty’s accession to Heaven is another form in which a particular scene cannot be explained by particular laws a s we know them. Marquez writes â€Å"Amaranta felt a mysterious trembling in the lace on her petticoats and she tried to grasp the sheet so that she would not fall down at the instant in which Remedi... ...n theme found throughout many fiction novels. According to Faris’ five key elements, this novel is indeed a tale of enchanting pragmatism. The novel’s intertextual examples developed by character similarities and actual events from the Bible and Greek mythology and tragedies are woven in the novel in such a way that the reader is oblivious to the fact that they truly exist. As the future scurries upon us, the theme of magic realism will continue to flourish many novels to come. Works Cited Access Bible, The. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Fitzgerald, Robert. Translator Homer. The Iliad. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 2007. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. One Hundred Years of Solitude. New York: Harper Perennial, 1998. Zamora, Louis Parkinson and Wendy Faris. Magical Realism: Theory, History,Community. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995.

American History X

In the scene where Dr. Sweeney visited Derek in prison to update him of Danny's regression in school, it signified that despite their contradicting racial roots both still agreed to forward a common cause which is to secure a better future for Danny. Meanwhile, in the opening scene of the movie, Danny and Dr. Sweeney where having a confrontation about Danny's racist paper. This particular scene showed that Dr. Sweeney who is perceived by Danny as an enemy because of his color and position as an authority figure can initiate change to a person who is closed-minded.Though Danny and Derek have the same genes and grew up in the same environment, both characters have developed contrasting point of views at the latter part of the movie. This illustrated that personal convictions and mind-set can be altered once a person is exposed to a new condition or situation. As for the symbolic interaction between Derek and Murray, similarities in race does not guarantee a harmonious relationship. Der ek's animosity with Murray is not rooted on discrimination but it was based on his desire to protect his family and preserve his father's image.2. How would differential association explain the progression from conformity to deviance for (A) Derek (B) Danny. Prior to the tragic death of their father, Derek and Danny were normal in the sense that they did not have any erroneous feelings towards other people. This incident was exploited by a supremacist who preached about the domination of the white race. Because Derek and Danny would mostly hang out with other people who have the same ideals as a supremacist, they changed their ideology and lifestyle dramatically.The modification in their behavior from being carefree to being a racist and selective have pushed them to commit racial crimes like thrashing a convenient store of a foreign immigrant and mercilessly killing a black man. Derek from being a typical suburban boy became a leader of a racist group. As for Danny, he acquired his dislike for minority groups from his brother. He looked up at Derek like he was his father. Since Danny idolized his brother, he imitated all his actions and beliefs regardless of whether it is right or wrong. 3. What was communicated from Derek to Danny?Derek greatly influenced his brother. When he tried to change the world by degrading other people, Danny supported him. But when Derek tried to undo what he had done to his brother, Danny was hesitant. However, at the end of the movie, Danny made a conclusion through his paper that differences should not impose conflict because in the end people are all the same and the idea of coexisting harmoniously is not far fetched because every human being has his/her innate good nature. 4. Derek is progressing out of deviance while Danny is becoming deviant.Why? (Use differential association to explain) According to Edwin Sutherland, a criminologist, deviance is manifested when a person sees a specific situation as a suitable opportunity to break the law or conventional beliefs. More so, through a person's personal historical accounts based on previous associations with other people, a situation is defined (cited in Florida State University, 2008, â€Å"Differential Association Theory†). In the movie, Derek changed from being a racist to an open-minded person because of his experiences in jail.His preconceived notions about supremacist ideals were not upheld inside the dog eat dog world of the penal system. In his dismay, he fostered a close relationship with a black man and realized that the color of the skin of a person does not dictate one's capabilities and traits. Since Derek's awakening, he changed his attitude and focused more on eminent issues such as the reconstruction of his broken family. When Derek's was having an enlightenment, Danny was immersing himself to a deviant life.This was made possible because Danny's life revolved around an exclusive group whose ideals were centered on racism. His knowled ge of what is right or wrong and good or bad were based on the activities that happened within his group. Since most of his friends saw every situation as a chance to violate laws and the norms, they committed several crimes. By mere association, Danny is engulfed in the deviant system of his group. References â€Å"Differential Association Theory. † 2008. Florida State University. 19 March 2008 .

Management Accounting Report Essay

In decision making process ambiguity, variability and uncertainty are often faced. For this reason Risk Analysis is always part of any decision making process. Even if the access to information is unprecedented even then future can’t be predicted accurately. For this reason Monte Carlo simulation is used which provides all the possible outcomes of decisions, access the impacts of risks and allow better decision making under uncertain situations. Monte Carlo Simulation: It is a computerized mathematical technique based on broad class of computer algorithms which allow people and organisations to calculate risks and hence helps in better decision making. Monte Carlo Simulation can also be termed as a problem solving technique to calculate probability of outcomes by using random variables and multiple trials which are termed as simulations (Berg, 2004). Monte Carlo Simulation is used by professionals in engineering, medicine, physics, chemists, project management, manufacturing, research and development, environmental specialists, oil and gas and several business functions. This is a reflective report in which case study of Fennel Design Project of Laura Watson company is used to predict the demand of greeting cards. The aim of the report is to speculate the situation of the Fennel Design project and also to provide a base for the companies experiencing these situations. This report uses discrete data of continuous range In this report discrete data of continuous range is used. Example of discrete data is when a coin flips in air, it have two possibilities either head or tail. Whereas, a running engine might have many temperature changes at different time intervals which is an example of continuous data. Laura Watson is a new company and so can also face these uncertainties as they don’t have any idea of when to produce, when to produce, supply and demand analysis and the situation which drives these factors. For this reason Monte Carlo Simulation is used to calculate predicted demand, risk analysis in order to provide company with useful information which then can be utilized to make timely decision making. This report is divided into three main parts. In Monte Carlo Simulation we can take as many amounts of trials to get an accurate answer. But, in the given casestudy, business manager’s Alex and Laura took one thousand trials. Number of trials increases the profit probabilities and helps in getting close results and reduces the chances of risks. In this question we have to calculate the price of the cards and for this we used Descriptive Analysis Function in Microsoft Excel. This Function automatically calculates all statistical data like mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Whereas, in task two WHAT IF analysis helps us in getting the results within the given number of trials. It creates thee situations or results which are base case scenario, best case scenario and worst case scenario. When the values of these situations are changed answer automatically changes. It is very helpful for managers in decision making. In task three risk simulation function and random functions are used which makes a balance between mean and standard deviation given in the projected demand. Rand command is used to calculate the cost of parts, random discreet method is used to. Variance Reduction is used to minimize non accurate profits. These all function enables to calculate price and predict risk. In this report every function is calculated independently to make the process easy to understand and clear. By using Monte Carlo Simulation we have calculated all the possible parameters required in the case study and also predicted the risk. It helps the managers to make quick and accurate decisions. Bibliography Berg, A. B. (2004). Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation and their Statistical Analysis. New Jersey: World Scientific.

Guillermo furniture store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Guillermo furniture store - Essay Example One of the options available to Guillermo in order to deal with the competition is to go high tech. However, one will have to consider whether there is a demand for these furniture that will make the use of robots feasible. As indicated in the case investing in robots and expanding the production facility is a very capital intensive exercise and therefore the volume required to make the project feasible is very important. Guillermo is currently producing 2,532 units of the Mid-Grade furniture and 506 units of the High-End furniture. If he goes hi-tech he can increase both by 50% to 3798 units of Mid-Grade and 759 units of High-End. Producing is one challenge but getting the items sold is another challenge. In order to determine whether this project is feasible a sensitivity analysis and an evaluation using net present value will be carried out. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis performed using the information in the spreadsheet indicates that this project will not yield any p ositive returns (when combined with the current high-End operations) if production levels are not at least 14.2% above current levels. At 14.2% above current levels Guillermo would be producing 2892 units of Mid-Grade and 578 units of High-End furniture. See Appendix 1 for results. Broker Another option open to Guillermo is to become a distributor in North America for a Norwegian company. This project will involve an expansion in the facility to accommodate the increased production. It will also involve the use of robots. Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis using the information given in the excel spreadsheet indicates that Guillermo would not be able to yield any profits on being a Broker if the level of sales is not at least 38.3% above current production levels. See Appendix 1 for details. Therefore, this project will not be able to withstand any large fluctuations in demand. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) The formula for calculating WACC is as follows: WACC = E/(D+E)re + D/(D+E) (1-T)rd = (1-L)re + L(1-T)rd Where, E is shareholders’ equity D is debt T is the tax rate L is leverage re is the cost of shareholders funds, for which ROE is used in this question ROE = (profit after tax/shareholders’ funds) x100% = 24,695/235805 x 100% = 10.5% rd is the cost of debt, for which the interest rate on the building financed 12 years ago is adjusted for a 3% per annum rate of inflation = 10..4% Leverage = D/(D + E) Leverage = 936,628/1,172,433 = 0.8 Therefore, L = 0.8 and (1-L) = 0.2 WACC = 0.2 x 10.5 + 0.8 + (1 – 0.42)10.4 = 2% + 5% = 7% This is the current WACC and is the lowest return expected. Therefore, it will be used to calculate the NPV Evaluation Techniques Emery et al (2007) states that: â€Å"when making capital budgeting decisions, a firm evaluates the expected future cash flows in relation to the required initial investment. The objective is to find investment projects that will add value to the firm.† The rol e of management is to analyze each option to determine which method would result in more profits and therefore yield more benefits for the company. There are a number of techniques available to determine which project is more feasible. These techniques include payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), net present values (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). The two options available to Guillermo can be assessed using these techniques. Payback Period The payback period indicates the length of time that the project takes to recover the initial investment (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2005). This method is biased towards short term projects. â€Å"Investments with longer payback periods are often more risky than those with shorter payback periods. This is because the shorter the payback period, the lower the risk that market conditions can render the initial inv

Comparison in Sound Velocity Variability over Neap and Spring Cycle in Essay

Comparison in Sound Velocity Variability over Neap and Spring Cycle in Dart and Tamar Estuaries, UK and Its Impacts on Sonar Performances - Essay Example Studies of the variables of sound transmission aid those who need to know how well their equipment will function given different environments. This project entails the planning and execution of an oceanographic survey to determine the differences in sound velocity variables over the neap and spring tide cycles in the Dart and Tamar estuaries, and their impact on sonar-related performances. This study is largely based on research provided by Desiree Batton in conjunction with the Hydrographic Society, The Dart Observatory at the Britannia Royal Naval College and Graham Tattersall of the CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, as well as additional research. The tide cycles at the mouths of these two estuaries differ in some factors that influence the movement of sound. This paper plans to show what those factors are and how they affect sonar usage. The report will present data that was ascertained by using the current appropriate techniques and tools. It will analyze the variability of sound velocity, present the results and make determinations based on those analyses and calculations. Several determinations will be necessary to conclude this paper, such as the variations in bottom sound velocity as opposed to the variations in surface sound velocity. For instance the calculations for bottom sound velocity will take the higher level of mixing into account, while the calculations for surface sound velocity will need to look at temperature variables more, especially spring tide. Differing types of measuring equipment will be needed to gain the information required. In addition, time of day and the varying points of tidal activity are considerations that will add into the data. This project is designed to correlate with other projects that focus on sound speed or sound velocity. The need to understand how sound travels through tidal waters, in particular the Dart and Tamar estuaries, is of great significance to ongoing research. The research of A. D. Priestley

Cardiovascular safety of NSAIDa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cardiovascular safety of NSAIDa - Essay Example As analgesics, NSAIDs are strange in that they are non-narcotic and thus are used as a non-addictive alternative to narcotics (Sundaram, 2014) The most common members of this group of drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are all available over the counter in most countries. Acetaminophen (parecetamol) is not considered an NSAID because it has only little anti-inflammatory activity. It treats pain mainly by blocking COX-2 mostly in the central nervous system, but not much in the rest of the body.NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activities of both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). They achieve their function by synthesizing prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Hughes, 2008 p. 100). It is believed that inhibiting COX-2 leads to the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. It has been discovered that, those NSAIDs that inhibit COX-1, particularly aspirin, may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers. For this reason, the use COX-2 selective inhibitors may be preferred to COX-1 inhibiting NSAIDs. This paper will, therefore, primarily focus on the cardiovascular safety or effect of such NSAI Ds. According to John Vane (1927-2004), in his Nobel-winning works â€Å"the Mechanism of action of aspirin† he elevated that, most NSAIDs act as nonselective inhibitors by targeting enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) (Bruera & Portenoy, 2009 p. 271). They achieve their goal by inhibiting both the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Most of this inhibition caused by NSAIDs is competitively reversible (although at fluctuating degrees of reversibility), except the mechanisms of aspirin, which is irreversible inhibition. COX more specifically works as it catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (a compound that is derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A2). Prostaglandins act among other things as messenger molecules in the process of

Ulysses Simpson Grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ulysses Simpson Grant - Essay Example He implemented strategies that mobilised the union army successfully concluding the Civil War in 1865. However the two terms of his presidency were comparatively less successful and almost all his attempts directed towards reconstruction and establishing social and economic stability in the states failed. The attempts to harmonise the society ultimately failed leading to an increasing divide in between the whites and blacks. During the earlier phase of the civil war Grant worked in the state of Illinois where he mustered in volunteers in the Galena regiment and later took it to the state capital, Springfield. s In the capital he continued mustering more individuals in the army and hence raising many regiments. Taking note of this acts of grant, and impressed with his performance, he was appointment as a colonel of the Illinois volunteer regiment. He inculcated military discipline in the newly recruited soldiers of the regiment. Grant, successfully as a leader, led these regiments against pro-Confederate guerrillas in Missouri and achieved initial success. Taking note of his exceptional performance, and on account of the leadership skills that he displayed, he was raised as brigadier general. Grant was successful in winning some of the earlier victories for the Union forces with the capture of Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River and Fort Henry on the Tennessee River. The unconditional surrender of confederate Brigadier General Simon B. Buckner, along with his 14,000 men made Grant a national figure almost overnight, and he was nicknamed "Unconditional Surrender". With this victory, he gained the promotion to major general of volunteers. However, with the spiritless and inefficient display at the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee in April 1862, Grant earned the anger of the men in north. Later in 1862, Lincoln promoted Grant as the commander of all Union forces in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. Besides leading his own Army of the Tennessee, Grant now had at its command, the Army of the Ohio. Grant worked out strategies for attack on Vicksburg in Mississippi, in the autumn of 1862. That was one of the Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River. Having failed in several attempts during the winter, Grant devised a new strategy of attack. In April 1863, marching his army towards south along the west side of the river, he took position on a point well below the heavily defended city. There, with the aid of the Union river fleet, he crossed the river and began a swift march eastward. On May 12, 1862 he captured Jackson, Mississippi, the capital of the state, directly east of Vicksburg. Then he turned west toward Vicksburg. Later, in the mid of May at Champion's Hill and Big Black River, Grant defeated General John C. Pemberton, commander of the Confederate forces defending Vicksburg, and drove him to prepared positions within the city. Grant's assault on the main Confederate works at Vicksburg failed, however, and he resorted to a siege or isolation of the city from supplies or reinforcements to compel it to surrender. The siege lasted six weeks. On July 4, 1863, bottled up on land and prevented by Union forces from escaping across the river, Pemberton surrendered his 30,000 men to Grant. With effective war strategies and able administration, he was able to convert this was in to victory, one of his